Something interesting happened last night that gave me better insight on this. After I fixed my account and could play normally, I joined my friend for another group session (same friend that originally triggered problems with my account). As soon as I joined his group, my Group menu would no longer drop down. The game session was normal but afterwards he manually left the group (I could not) and, once again, my weather and time functionality was broken. I was able to quickly fix it by doing a subset of the original steps, just hitting the Xbox button and signing in my secondary account then going back to the game and inviting that account to a group, then leaving it.
But here’s the thing. The friend who triggers the account problems always plays with “Appear Offline” enabled. My daughter’s account is set normally. I have a new theory: joining a group session with someone who plays in “Appear Offline” mode triggers glitches in this game. When I can, I will test this theory with him by getting him to go online first and seeing if it makes a difference.
At least i know a quick way to clear the issue each time it comes up now. I put a fair amount of time into figuring this out.