Pilotage is the thing, also dead-reckoning.
Needs a nav map, flight computer probably, stopwatch, compass in the plane, paper, pencil.
I had a go at documenting this on my site…
https://davekearley.co.uk/navigating/
Its great fun and you learn a lot.
Tips - always used a fixed AI weather, the real weather is not close enough to reality and your plan will be off, you can still do it but will need to compensate in-flight. You need to know the wind speed and direction at your desired altitude.