It is my understanding that, while SDDs (and to a greater extent HDDs) do produce heat during operation, it is usually not enough of a concern to cause significant damage. There is always the possibility that an SDD/HDD is absorbing heat from a nearby GPU, CPU or environmental case temperatures, however in this case it is more likely that something else would be causing problems first.
In the case of my laptop, the issue was caused by the CPU and GPU overheating whilst rendering photogrammetry, fittingly. This particular model of laptop has them share an inadequate heatsink and is well-known for overheating. The symptoms experienced at the point of thermal shut-down were very similar - a rapid deterioration in performance, visual hanging, then audio hanging then hard shut-down.
My guess is that your SDD was shocked by the sudden hard shutdown, which was most likely caused by thermal protection from either your CPU, GPU, the PSU running out of power under heavy load, or perhaps a read-write error.