It’s quite possible the the sim is just interpreting the slightly larger control surface area, stronger thrust slipstream, and higher overall speed of the 172 and equating it to much larger control efficacy. Combine that with instantaneous zero-to-full-stop control and relatively little inertia and it becomes easy to overcontrol.
The plane I’m flying irl in a few hours actually has a trim tab that works against overcontrolling by adding even more counter-control pressure at higher deflections. This simply can’t be re-created in the sim without force feedback. It can be emulated through artificial dampening, but it’s fakey and will never be 1:1.
In the end, the Xbox controller is the root of the issue.