As others stated above, AOA means “angle of attack” and is the angle between the wing chord line and the relative airflow (i.e. the air flowing over the wing).
As you know, lift is - simplified - created by air flowing above and below the wing creating a relative low pressure on the top of the wing and a relative high pressure under the wing. The faster the wing moves through the air (represented as IAS/TAS), the greater is the difference between the pressures above and below the wing, and the higher is lift at a given angle of attack.
You can try this out very easily: Take any aircraft (e.g. a C172), take off and try to maintain a level flight (maintain altitude) while changing speed. The faster the aircraft is, the more you will have to lower the nose in order to prevent the aircraft from climbing - you are reducing the angle of attack (and thus reduce the lift caused by the AOA). Vice versa, the slower the aircraft flies, the more you will have to pitch up in order to prevent the aircraft from losing altitude - you are increasing the AOA (and therefore increase the lift).
At one point, the AOA will be too high: the air flowing above the wing will separate from the wing’s surface too early and the wing can no longer create any lift - the wing stalls. AFAIK, a wing of a commercial aircraft typically creates lift at an AOAs of between ~-4° and +11° (depending on the actual aerodynamic form of a wing, there are
For the sake of completeness, please note that stall rather is a matter of AOA and not so much of speed - you can stall your aircraft at high speeds, too. If you change the aircraft’s pitch too quickly at high speeds, this can also result in a too high AOA, and thus a stall (for example, it may be caused by a too harsh recovery after a spin - sometimes referred to as “secondary stall”).
In order to clearly identify a flight condition where a stall may occur, the most reliable indication is AOA - not speed. This is one of the reasons why, for example, Boeing’s infamous MCAS relied on the data provided by AOA-sensors (unfortunately: only one sensor without backup) instead of speed.
If you are interested on this topic, I also recommend reading on the crash of Air France flight 447 (AF447). Confusion about the aircraft’s speed and angle of attack (and the lack of an AOA indicator in the cockpit) played a significant role in this tragedy.