It should be as simple as using the same Microsoft account on the Microsoft Store version. There isn’t really a Steam profile, everything is stored and synched on Microsoft’s servers and are linked to your MS account. I’m not 100% exactly which items are saved to the cloud, but things like flight time and graphics settings and controls definitely are, and this post below by moderator Hester40MT seems to indicate that log book entries also are.
https://forums.flightsimulator.com/t/where-and-what-is-the-logbook-file/374561/2?u=akfouronesix