There isn’t really a “fix” for this as such. For FS2020, when you install the Logitech driver, it appends or edits the XML for the MSFS executable to call and run the Logitech companion app which provides panel functionality. Since you already have that driver installed, the Logitech installer doesn’t know to do the same for FS2024.
You can just manually start the Logitech panel app when you load the sim, which is what I have been doing. Presumably you can manually add the same command to run the Logitech app in the XML for FS2024, but I haven’t tried it.