I’m not sure I will ever understand how all of these technologies (VRR, V-Sync, G-Sync) work together, but this video about VRR seems pretty informative.
Example: with VRR on, as long as frame rate is below refresh rate, you avoid tearing - but if frame rate goes above refresh rate, you get tearing. This makes sense, but I’d never seen it explained. It also explains why that’s a reason for having a frame rate cap - to keep the VRR under the refresh rate of the monitor:
